PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.